The realization of genetic code in terms of dark nucleon and dark photon triplets

I have worked for more than 10 years with a proposal for a realization of the genetic code in terms of dark proton or nucleon triplets forming closed or open strings. I have considered several variants of the code but the details have remained poorly understood and I have spent a considerable time on wrong tracks. Also the contents of this chapter reflect this wandering.

It however seems that the dust is finally settling (I am writing this in the beginning of 2022). One can see the model as a generalization of the quark model of nucleon and Δ baryons obtained by replacing u and d quarks with dark nucleons. The color group solving the statistic problem for Δ baryon is in the receint case solved by Galois confinement involving Galois group Z₃ assignable to the codons.

The nucleons are connected by pionic flux tubes to form a closed string-like entity carrying angular momentum 0,1, or 2. The dark variants DDNA, DRNA, DtRNA, DAA of DNA, RNA, tRNA, and and amino-acids (AA) follow as a prediction. AAs correspond to non-rotating analogs of N and Δ, DNA and RNA to rotating analog of Δ, and tRNA to rotating analog of N.

Also the pairings between dark information molecules can be understood to a high degree, the differences between DNA and RNA could reduced to difference between DDNA and DRNA due to the violation of the weak isospin symmetry. The almost exact T-C and A-G symmetries of the third letter of the genetic codon could also seen as a reflection of almost exact isospin symmetry (see this). The number of DtRNAs is the minimal 32 and this predicts 1-to-many character of DtRNA-tRNA pairing which would induced wobble base pairing.

A concrete realization of bioharmony in terms of the dark nucleon model for codons emerges. The small symmetry breaking effects - the members of doublet that should code for the same amino acid (or act as stop codons), code for different amino acid (or amino acid and stop), are understood. Also the differences between vertebrate and bacterial codes are understood.

See the chapter The realization of genetic code in terms of dark nucleon and dark photon triplets or the article with the same title.